What is the first stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory?

The first stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory is the oral stage. This stage occurs from birth to approximately 18 months and is centered around the infant's pleasure centers, which are focused on the mouth. During this period, infants derive satisfaction through oral activities such as sucking, biting, and chewing. Freud proposed that experiences in this stage, including feeding and the interactions the child has with caregivers, shape the individual’s personality and behaviors later in life.

For instance, if an infant's needs are consistently met with care and affection during this stage, they may develop a sense of trust and security. Conversely, if they experience difficulties, such as inconsistent feeding or neglect, it can lead to issues with dependency or aggression in adulthood. This foundational aspect of oral fixation lays the groundwork for understanding later stages in Freud's theory, emphasizing the importance of early experiences in personality development.